滑坡冲击铲刮变量的计算方法研究

高速远程滑坡运动过程中,冲击铲刮效应不仅增加滑坡的体积与规模,而且会增大滑坡成灾范围,风险预测与判断出现明显误差,导致灾难性事件的发生。目前对于高速滑坡的铲刮深度、铲刮范围和铲刮体积等变量计算往往是采用基于经验的铲刮率算法,其是通过体积增量来反算铲刮变量的数学方法,而实际情况中高速滑坡的冲击铲刮是滑体冲击力和地表可铲刮材料之间的力学屈服破坏作用的结果。本文基于接触力学、弹塑性力学和岩土力学,提出了地表可铲刮层在附加冲击荷载作用下铲刮变量的理论计算方法,认为竖向冲击和切向剪切是滑体冲击铲刮过程的两种主要作用方式。结合实际岩土体材料参数,发现不考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区主要以竖向破裂区为主,考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区沿切向迁移,直至塑性边界贯通至地表,符合实际情况,实现了对铲刮变量的定量化计算。     

阻尼对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响

为考查阻尼参数对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响,理论推导了空爆荷载下结构等效单自由体系弹塑性位移解及延性比解,设计并计算了阻尼比0.000 1～0.1、延性比1～4的20种典型工况的动力系数,并与现行抗爆设计规范动力系数公式结果进行了对比。结果表明:阻尼比小于0.000 1时可基本代表无阻尼状态,阻尼比0.01的动力系数比无阻尼的最大降低幅度为2.08%,数值差异很小,因此阻尼比为0.01以内时,可忽略阻尼对动力系数的影响;阻尼比0.05的动力系数比无阻尼的降低幅度约9.92%,数值差异较大,认为阻尼比0.05以上时将具有明显的经济效益;现行设计规范动力系数更适用于柔性结构体系,运用于刚性结构抗爆设计时,计算误差较大,对阻尼比较小的结构设计更不利。     

Fracture characteristics of concrete subjected to impact loading

This paper takes concrete as a four-phase composite made of the intact matrix and three mutually perpendicular groups of penny-shaped micro-cracks. The intact matrix is assumed to be elastic,homogeneous and isotropic,and the micro-cracks are penny-shaped. Combined with the failure mechanism of concrete subjected to impact loading,a dynamic constitutive model for concrete is developed based on Mori-Tanaka's average stress concept and Eshelby's equivalent inclusion theory. Experimental results show that concr...     

Synchronization and coherent combining of two pulsed fiber lasers

We demonstrate a scalable architecture for coherent combining of pulsed fiber lasers.A new method for generating synchronous pulsed fiber lasers by direct phase modulation is proposed and investigated.It is shown that phase modulated mutually coupled laser array can be a steady synchronous pulsed fiber laser source.The synchronous pulsed fiber lasers are coherently combined with an invariable phase difference of π in adjacent lasers.Neither active phase control nor polarization control is taken in our experiment.     

一种时序逻辑网络的快速设计方法

引用1984年尹克震提出的“开关函数的反演公式”,采用伪随机序列技术的思想,提出移位寄存器型时序逻辑网络的一种快速设计方法。     

Preparation and characterization of Pt-supported porous graphite nanofibers

In this work, porous graphite nanofibers (PGNFs) were manufactured as promising catalyst supporter by a physical activation method for direct methanol fuel cells, and Pt nanoparticles were loaded on the PGNFs in order to prepare electrode materials by a chemical reduction method. The pore structures of the Pt/PGNFs were analyzed by N₂ adsorption isotherms at 77 K. Electrocatalytic activities of final products were investigated by voltammetry and conductivity measurements in a 1.0 M CH₃OH/0.5 M H₂SO₄. As a result, electrocatalytic activities of Pt/PGNFs were increased in the presence of Pt particles on the PGNFs and with increasing the specific surface area of the carbons.     

Dynamic adhesive strength of fiber-polymer systems

A new device for studying the dynamic adhesive strength is created. A procedure for determining the dynamic adhesive strength in fiber—polymer systems under impact loading (pull-out technique) is developed. The adhesive strength of the interface of polymer—steel wire joints formed by polymers of different chemical nature (epoxy resin, polysulfone, and polypropylene) is examined. It is shown that the dynamic adhesive strength grows as the loading rate increases for all the systems under investigation and that the relationship between the adhesive strength and the loading rate, , over a wide range of rates can be described by two straight lines corresponding to the quasi-static and impact loading, respectively. When passing from the quasi-static to dynamic loading, the character of scale relations of the adhesive strength does not change.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 689–700, November–December, 1999.     

Solvent effects on the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and (−)-menthyl acrylate revisited with the three-layer hybrid local self-consistent field/molecular mechanics/self-consistent reaction field method

The construction of the three-layer hybrid local self-consistent field/molecular mechanics/self-consistent reaction field method is detailed. This method is specifically devoted to the study of the reactivity of large chemical systems in solution. The solvent, modeled by a polarizable continuum, surrounds the whole solute molecule. Solute–solvent interactions are taken into account by means of the self-consistent reaction field approach. The solute system is treated by both quantum and molecular mechanics, the former being principally applied to the reactive part, i.e., the part undertaking bond forming or breaking, the latter being reserved for the ancillary encumbering groups. The connection between the molecular mechanics and the quantum mechanics part is accomplished by a strictly localized bond orbital that remains frozen within the local self-consistent field framework. As a test system, the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and (–)-menthyl acrylate is studied for the first time with steric interactions and electrostatic solvent effects taken into account simultaneously. The results indicate that the coupling of both interactions leads to conclusions that could not have been guessed from separate calculations.Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Quantum chemistry satellite meeting in honour of Jean-Louis Rivail     

Thermal characterization of hair using TG-MS combined thermoanalytical technique

Four amino acids and four different hair samples were studied in order to get information about the decomposition of human hair, using combined (TG-MS) and DSC techniques. The thermal stability of the investigated amino acid samples was different. Since they contain identical functional groups (-NH₂, -COOH) some common mass/charge units were identified. However, due to their different chemical composition remarkable differences have also been obtained. The results of the investigation of the amino acids were helpful to study the thermal fragmentation of the hair samples. In our experiments, the effect of the heating rates was also studied. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Implementation of an adaptive umbrella sampling method for the calculation of multidimensional potential of mean force of chemical reactions in solution

We describe the implementation of an adaptive umbrella sampling method, making use of the weighted histogram analysis method, for computing multidimensional potential of mean force for chemical reaction in solution. The approach is illustrated by investigating the effect of aqueous solution on the free energy surface for the proton transfer reaction of [H(3)N-H-NH(3)](+) using a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical AM1/TIP3P potential.